Marine algae from the genus Karlodinium are known to be involved in fish-killing events worldwide. Here we report for the first time the chemistry and bioactivity of a natural product from the newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate Karlodinium armiger. Our work describes the isolation and structural characterization of a new polyhydroxy-polyene named karmitoxin. The structure elucidation work was facilitated by use of 13C enrichment and high-field 2D NMR spectroscopy, where 1H13C long-range correlations turned out to be very informative. Karmitoxin is structurally related to amphidinols and karlotoxins; however it differs by containing the longest carboncarbon backbone discovered for this class of compounds, as well as a primary amino group. Karmitoxin showed potent nanomolar cytotoxic activity in an RTgill-W1 cell assay as well as rapid immobilization and eventual mortality of the copepod Acartia tonsa, a natural grazer of K. armiger.
DATA/REPORT DETAILS
Karmitoxin: An Amine-Containing Polyhydroxy-Polyene Toxin from the Marine Dinoflagellate Karlodinium armiger
- Published on:
- Science Area(s): Harmful Algal Bloom Detection and Forecasting, Stressor Impacts and Mitigation
- Region(s) of Study: Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, U.S. States and Territories, Waterbodies
- Primary Contact(s): john.wickham@noaa.gov
Citation:
Rasmussen, S.A., B. Binzer, C. Hoeck, S. Meier, L.S. de Medeiros, N.G. Andersen, A. Place, K.F. Nielsen, P.J. Hansen, and T.O. Larsen
Rasmussen, S.A., B. Binzer, C. Hoeck, S. Meier, L.S. de Medeiros, N.G. Andersen, A. Place, K.F. Nielsen, P.J. Hansen, and T.O. Larsen
Data/Report Type:
Sponsored Research
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