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Alexandrium catenella blooms in the Gulf of Maine produce potent neurotoxins that accumulate in shellfish

 image showing surface wind fields and modeled near-surface bloom conditions on May 31, 2025

Annual Alexandrium catenella blooms in the Gulf of Maine produce potent neurotoxins that accumulate in shellfish and can cause Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) in human consumers. Our experimental Gulf of Maine harmful algal bloom model allows us to better predict and monitor these blooms – and shellfish toxicity – with the goal to minimize impacts to public health and coastal economies. Learn more: https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/science-areas/habs/hab-forecasts/gulf-of-maine/